Italy’s demographic crisis deepens: The birth rate has been plummeting over the past seven years. Number of live births (approx.):

• 2018: ~450,000 • 2019: ~420,000 • 2020: ~400,000 • 2021: ~400,000 • 2022: ~393,000 • 2023: ~379,000 • 2024: ~370,000 • 2025 (on track): Even lower, with first 7 months already down 6.3% vs 2024 Total Fertility Rate (children per woman): Fell from ~1.3 in 2018 to a record low of 1.18 in 2024 — far below the 2.1 replacement level. This is the lowest since unification in 1861, accelerating population aging and straining pensions/healthcare. Successive governments have tried incentives, but the trend continues

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